CT Saturation and Volt-Sec Toolkit by Doug Millner – Debounced Sliders, Dynamic Overlays, Auto-Ranged Plot 2

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Plot 1: Actual and Ideal Secondary Current vs Time
Plot 2: Volt-Sec vs Time A detailed article on CT saturation and volt-sec
Plot 3: CT Excitation Curve (Log–Log)
Plot 4: Secondary Excitation Current vs Time

System Parameters

Peak Current (A): 10

Burden (Ω): 2

DC Offset (x peak): 0.5

X/R Ratio: 20

Number of Cycles: 10

Phase Angle (°): 0

Core Parameters

Volt-Sec Rating: 1.0

Linear Region (%): 90

Linear Slope (%): 21.6

Saturation Factor: 5000

Remanence (Volt-Sec): 0.1

Slider Variables Explanation

System Parameters

Peak Current (A): Sets the maximum amplitude of the primary current (in amperes) used in the simulation.
Burden (Ω): Determines the resistance connected to the CT secondary; it affects the secondary voltage.
DC Offset (x peak): Applies a DC offset (as a fraction of the peak current) to the current waveform.
X/R Ratio: The ratio of the CT's reactance to resistance, impacting the decay rate of the DC component.
Number of Cycles: Specifies how many 60 Hz cycles are simulated.
Phase Angle (°): Adjusts the phase shift of the primary current waveform from 0° to 360°.

Core Parameters

Volt-Sec Rating: The rated voltage-second product of the CT core, reflecting its magnetic capacity.
Linear Region (%): The percentage of the core's flux range over which the CT behaves linearly.
Linear Slope (%): Indicates the proportional response (slope) of the CT in its linear operating region.
Saturation Factor: Defines the rate at which the CT response increases beyond the linear region, simulating core saturation.
Remanence (Volt-Sec): The initial flux in the core at time zero, simulating residual magnetism from a prior event.
Surge Impedance Loading (SIL)

Plots Significance to CT Saturation

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Plot 1: Actual and Ideal Secondary Current vs Time
Illustrates both the ideal current waveform (no saturation) and the actual secondary current waveform (which may deviate under saturation).
Plot 2: Volt-Sec vs Time
Shows the volt-second (flux linkage) in the CT core over time.
Plot 3: CT Excitation Curve
Can be plotted in log–log or linear–linear. Represents the relationship between secondary excitation current (RMS) and secondary voltage (RMS). The operating point is shown in red.
Plot 4: Secondary Excitation Current vs Time
Tracks the magnetizing current required by the CT core over the simulation window.